UV254 Analyser – UV254Sense Probe
The UV254Sense Probe UV254 analyser provides real time online UVA (ultra-violet absorbance) and UVT (ultra-violet transmission) analysis.
The real time monitoring of organics in water has improved greatly with technological improvements in spectral analysis of the ultraviolet light range using the UV254 analyser probe which as standard comes with UV transmittance and UV absorbance outputs. It does this by passing a low flow of water continuously through a gap in a probe and by shining a UV254 light through the water, measuring how much light is absorbed (UVA) and how much is transmitted (UVT).
The concentration of contaminants, such as the organics that lead to disinfection by products (DBPs), can be determined by measuring the light absorbed by a water sample at a particular wavelength (254nm). The absorbance of light used in UV254 analysers provides an indication of the amount of aromatic (or reactive) organic matter in water, making it an excellent choice as a surrogate measurement for total organic carbon (TOC) in monitoring organics removal from a process.
UV254 analysers from Pi allow for the detection of natural organic matter (NOM) which is found in all waters. UV254 absorption has a bias towards aromatic compounds which provides significant benefits for monitoring DBP formation potential.
The UV254Sense Probe UV254 analyser from Pi uses a high quality, long life 254nm wavelength UV LED source. It shines this light through a sapphire window and the water sample picks up the light at the other side in a photodiode detector. The amount of light that is ‘lost’ to absorbance in the water is the UVA, and the amount of UV light that gets through is the UVT. The correlation between the two is governed by Beer-Lamberts law.
Cost of Ownership
The cost of calibrating and maintaining the UV254Sense Probe UV254 analyser is extremely low as there are no reagents or moving parts. Maintenance is simply cleaning and occasionally ‘zeroing’ the analyser with DI or RO water. With the addition of automatic cleaning systems, the maintenance cost of the UV254 analyser is minimal. Coupled with a low purchase cost, the total cost of ownership of the UV254 analyser is extremely low in comparison to other UV254 instruments.
Key Benefits
- UVA (ultra-violet absorbance) is an excellent surrogate parameter for TOC, DOC, COD and colour.
- UVT (ultra-violet transmission) allows for the calculation of optimal UV dose for disinfection systems, improving efficiency.
- Accurate detection without the cost of reagents.
- Few ongoing service or maintenance requirements – no moving parts.
- Allows feed forward optimisation of coagulation control, resulting in decreases in chemical consumption, reduction in sludge removal costs and minimisation of DBP formation potential.
- Strong ROI with pay back on the UV254 analyser being seen by many customers within a few months.
- UVA measurement ensures performance of various contaminant removal technologies such as membranes (RO, NF, UF), ion exchange (nitrates and TOC removal) and granular activated carbon (GAC).
- Real time UVA analysers can provide a final check of effluent water quality and can alarm an operator in case of non-compliance
- A UVA monitor can monitor the percentage removal of organics across any treatment system.
- Can be combined with a CRONOS® or CRIUS®4.0 for a multi-parameter UV254 analyser solution that suits your needs.
Standard Features
- Online continuous operation
- 254nm wavelength UV light source
- Displays UV transmittance or absorbance values
Optional Features
- Self-cleaning
- Process Controls
- Remote access
The UV254 analyser has many applications including:
- UVT (ultra-violet transmission)
The primary application for UV transmission monitoring is to control the intensity of UV light output on UV disinfection processes. - UVA (ultra-violet absorbance) – the primary application for UV absorbance monitoring is in the optimisation of water treatment process by, for example controlling coagulant dose or by providing a surrogate measurement for measurands such as TOC or COD.
- Process control – direct measurement of a parameter to control a process such as coagulation, UV disinfection and membranes.
- Specific parameter correlation – the UV254 analyser correlates to another parameter that is impractical or expensive to measure in real time such as TOC, BOD and COD.
- Event monitoring – used to monitor baseline absorbance which can trigger an alarm when an absorbance event occurs such as security monitoring for contamination events in a municipal installation.
- Industrial water and wastewater secondary and effluent monitoring, to determine treatment efficiency after secondary treatment and provide tertiary treatment monitoring and control.
- Automatic cleaning system
- Multiple sensors on a single analyser
By shining a light of a particular wavelength (254nm) through water you can measure how much of the light is absorbed by contaminants in the water. This may be particulate or it may be organics that absorb at that wavelength.
In two main ways.
The first is to measure the transmission of UV light (Ultra Violet Transmittance). This is essential in determining the power of UV light used for disinfection purposes.
The second is to measure the UV absorption (UVA). This is a measure of the organics in the water and can be used as a surrogate for TOC, DOC, COD. It is more commonly used in coagulation control on water treatment works.
UVA = 2-log10UVT.
UVA and UVT are essentially the same measurement expressed in different ways.
Coloured raw water is often caused by organics in the water and therefore both UV and colour can be used to measure the same thing. Colour monitors are useful to determine the acceptability of the look of drinking water but many organics do not reflect in the visible spectrum (have no colour) and many other things can cause colour in water such as manganese. UV254 measurement is more sensitive to aromatics in the water which can go on to react with chlorine to make unwanted DBPs (Disinfection By-Products) and so is usually seen as a more useful measurement than colour, particularly for coagulation control.
Pi removes interfering particulate using a self-flushing filter.
TOC (Total Organic Carbon) is a difficult and expensive measurement to make online and UV254 can often be used as a surrogate measurement. This requires the user to build a correlate between TOC and UV254 offline and then enter the relationship between the two into the analyser which can then output as TOC (effectively, correlating the UV254 output to TOC). How good this correlation is will depend on what makes up the TOC. If the TOC is made up entirely of UV254 absorbing organics then the correlation will be excellent. If not the correlation will become predictably poorer until TOC is made up entirely of non-absorbing organics when the correlation will be 0. Typically, municipal water and wastewater have very good correlations.
The UV254Sense Probe can accommodate path lengths of 2, 5, 10 or 20mm.
By flushing regularly and automatically (controlled by the analyser) with clean water.
Typically, the bulb lasts 10 years.
Yes, as long as the sensor isn’t in the path of stray UV light (e.g. sunshine).
Yes! Our controllers can handle up to 16 sensor inputs. Please contact Pi for details.
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With the UV254 Portable range of UV254 hand held meters you get a simple and reliable means of testing any water for UV transmittance (UVT) and UV absorbance (UVA). Used to provide quick (less than 1 min) information on site, the UV254 Portable provides an invaluable tool to water treatment engineers, essential for verifying an online analyser reading or as an independent measurement.
How does it work?
The Pi UV254Sense Portable for the measurement of UV254 absorbance and UV254 transmission can provide testing in both units of UVT and UVA, and any of the meters can be equipped with our optional battery pack feature, allowing the meter to truly go anywhere, anytime.
The patented Split-Sensor technology also allows for the unique ability to remember the meter’s calibration, eliminating the need to calibrate (zero) the meter to a known pure (DI) water source before taking a measurement. This improves ease of use in the field for performing rapid grab sample testing of various water sources.
Many water treatment plants still use manual control for coagulant dosing (usually alum or ferric). Whilst the raw water quality is steady this is an effective method to set a coagulant dose, however, when the raw water changes then manual control of the coagulant dose breaks down, particularly when plants are unmanned overnight or over the weekend.
When the raw water is likely to be of poor quality in the future (e.g. a weather forecast predicts a rain event) operators often increase the coagulant dose in anticipation of a rainfall event. This can lead to poor coagulation prior to, during, and after the rainfall event (if it comes at all), and can also introduce longer term issues such as filter blinding, shorter filter run times and increased aluminium residuals (in the case of alum).
For many plants it is possible to automate coagulant control such that a UV254Sense Probe can effectively increase and decrease the dose of coagulant automatically in response to changing water quality.
Focus On…UV254 Analysers
You probably know that UV254 analysers are used to determine the power needed by UV disinfection systems to satisfactorily disinfect water but did you know that…
…UV254 analysers are a fantastic surrogate for TOC analysers at a fraction of the cost to buy and own?
…UV254 monitors are fabulous THM and disinfection by product predictors?
…UV254 absorbance monitors are extremely useful in determining coagulant dosage?
UV254 Absorbance and Transmittance
The UV254Sense Probe is an optical technology, that greatly reduces drift due to variations in the light source is robust, self-cleaning and has no moving parts. An ultraviolet light at 254nm is shone through the water sample and the amount that makes it to the other side is measured at a detector. This can be expressed as UVT (Ultra-Violet Transmission) or UVA (Ultra-Violet Absorbance), two values that are mathematically related.
The amount of UV254 that is absorbed is due, in large part, to the organics in the water. The same organics that make up the TOC, or the coagulant demand of that water.
UV254 as part of a coagulation control program
Coagulation dose is in large part dependent on pH, turbidity, temperature, alkalinity and organics loading. Depending on water chemistry, for many plants the largest determining factor is the organics load and a feed forward control based on organics loading, or UV254 absorbance, provides a robust coagulation control system that can be further enhanced with feedback from a streaming current analyser.
UV254 as a surrogate for TOC analysers
Conventional online TOC monitoring is expensive, requires reagents and extensive maintenance and a degree of specialist expertise that can be absent from treatment works. Most TOC measuring applications can be met using a far cheaper, easier, less maintenance intensive online UV254 analyser. A simple linear correlation between TOC and UV254 can be built allowing the UV254Sense to output TOC directly in ppm or mg/l.
UV254 as a predictor for Trihalomethanes (THMs) and Disinfection By- Products (DBPs)
UV254 is absorbed most strongly by the same aromatic organics that bind with chlorine to form the THMs and DBPs that are of such concern. By monitoring the incoming and outgoing water from a water treatment plant the water process engineer can monitor how well the process is removing THM and DBP precursors.
| Document | Type | Size |
|---|---|---|
| UV254Sense Probe | Brochure | 720kB |
| UV254 Sample Strainer Unit | Technical Note | 655kB |
| CRIUS®4.0 | Brochure | 860kB |
| CRONOS® | Brochure | 656kB |
| Probe Fouling | Technical Note | 459kB |
| Correlating the UV254 | Technical Note | 650kB |
| Measuring UVT | Technical Note | 437kB |
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